Case Study †Starbucks - Business Improvement Portfolio

Question: Portray about business improvement portfolio - an instance of starbucks? Answer: Presentation Starbucks Coffee is the main American drink provider initially situated in Seattle, USA. It is positioned as the biggest espresso provider gaining practical experience in providing fine quality espresso in a monetarily reasonable condition. Starbucks overwhelms the business with a piece of the overall industry of around 36.7% followed by Dunkin Brands Inc with around 24.6% piece of the pie and 38.7% involved by different brands together like Costa Coffee, Tim Hortons and McDonalds. As indicated by Biviji (2010) a specific association receives business improvement activities so as to build the profitability in a savvy way. As indicated by the British Quality Foundation, the best methodologies that the associations receive are Lean six-sigma, business process reengineering and Benchmarking. From 2001 to 2008, Starbucks encountered a log jam in the business rate, a decrease in the client dedication levels and client footfalls and issues identified with overloading of items. To improve the conditions, to oversee stock expenses and to devise client centered techniques, Starbucks chose to receive lean six-sigma model inside their working system. The administration at Starbucks concentrated on the way that utilization of lean six-sigma will viably help Starbucks to make a client assistance consistency and help expanding the brand estimation of the items (Kalnins and Stroock, 2011). Hypothesis examination As indicated by Caudwell (2011) Lean six-sigma is a cooperative model utilized by the associations to improve execution by expulsion of pointless human squanders, decrease superfluous time cutoff points and control the assets stream. Augusto Cauchick Miguel and Marcos Andrietta (2010) proposed that appropriation of lean innovations empowers the association in formation of top notch, imperfection free, and worth included and savvy items. Lean procedures are commonly utilized by the car ventures like Toyota for creation of 100% mistake free items. The idea of Sis Sigma was created by Motorola in 1986 to structure an exceptionally taught program that will viably convey an ideal item. The six-sigma process depends on the accompanying standards Nonstop spotlight on the basic and quality necessities of Customers and partners Comprehension of the procedure prerequisites that will have the option to convey basic and quality necessities to the clients Broad utilization of realities and factual information to comprehend the issues Building up an adaptable and point by point process Concentrate on nonstop improvement of the procedure in a deliberate manner Figure1: Lean Six-sigma Process (Source: Zhang, 2011, pp105) The technique is received by around 600 associations all around the globe. Brati (2011) recommended that following are the significant advantages that incite the associations to receive lean six-sigma. Decrease of deformities: The utilization of lean six-sigma approach has helped the associations to deliver imperfection free items. For example, Motorola in its six-sigma activity have effectively decreased creation absconds by more than 300 overlap that has helped the organization to set aside to $11 billion as assembling costs (Clarkson and Eckert, 2005). Decrease of procedure time: Lean six-sigma expects to deal with the time wastage in the creation procedure for effectively lessening the lead-time. For example, LG gadgets a UK based organization utilized lean six-sigma process in viably lessening the lead-time from starting 56 days to 41 days. Further, the organization improved the stock control process by decreasing inbound drove time from 8 to 5 days. This caused LG to spare intrigue charges and cargo charges (Antony, 2007). Powerful representative turn of events: The procedure includes the workers in the improvement procedure that makes the representatives capable and responsible in this manner constructing a feeling of trust and straightforwardness inside the association. With the assistance of six-sigma approach the undertaking supervisors at Microsoft had the option to accomplish six-sigma green belt affirmation which expressed that the troughs at Microsoft were prepared to confront any difficult circumstance (Adebanjo, and Mann, 2008). Decrease in costs: Hu and Tian (2011) opined that decrease of lead time and decrease of waste in regard of human work and creation materials adds to the cost investment funds of the associations. The accompanying table shows the yearly reserve funds that various organizations have had the option to make by utilizing lean six-sigma. Name of the organization Yearly reserve funds (surmised figures) General electric $ 2 billion JP Morgan Chase $ 1.5 billion Honeywell $ 650 million Texas Instruments $ 590 million Johnson and Johnson $ 500 million Improvement in client esteem: The utilization of lean six-sigma by the car businesses have helped the organizations like Toyota, General Motors and so forth to effectively create vehicles in understanding to the basic necessities of the clients, decrease of assembling absconds at each phase of creation and improving the wellbeing factors inside the completed vehicles (Krajewski, Ritzman and Malhotra, 2010). Anyway separated from the accompanying advantages, the procedure additionally experiences certain discussions that may add to the negative parts of the procedure. Trouble in execution: Chua and Banerjee (2013) recommended that the negligible idea of use of six-sigma in controlling all offices inside an association is an unpredictable procedure consequently enormous associations like Tesco think that its hard to successfully deal with all the divisions with the assistance of six-sigma methodologies. Home Depot, a retail organization, saw negative environment influencing the worker spirit and client assessment because of tough utilization of six-sigma in all divisions. In spite of the fact that the execution made the organization beneficial, anyway the organization saw decrease in the stock value (Basu, 2004). Budgetary limitation: The association executing six-sigma requires representatives who are successfully prepared from affirmed six sigma establishments. Subsequently, little or medium measured associations are unequipped for executing six - sigma because of high representative expense. Not reasonable for all organizations: The utilization of lean six-sigma ought to be made dependent on the sort of industry in which the organization is working. An exceptional disappointment was seen in 3M after the presentation of lean six-sigma (Dahm, 2011). Prior to the presentation of the procedure, the representatives at 3M were allowed the chance to utilize 15% of the all out working hour as close to home examination hours. This system was embraced to permit age of inventive thoughts among the representatives that contributed in the efficiency of the organization. In any case, the presentation of unbending all out quality administration process made a firm circumstance that confined the development of imaginative thoughts inside the association (Vemic-Djurkovic and Maric, 2010). Case application Introductory ventures of Starbucks concerned interest in store framework and propelling of new items. As indicated by Forbes examination these speculations and quick shop openings added to the shallow development of Starbucks. The organization anyway didn't focus on the client activities and support of stock and working expenses. Following are the significant issues that the administration at Starbucks required to fathom so as to restore the dependability and spare expenses (Lagrosen, Chebl and Rios Tuesta, 2011). Enhancements in representative efficiency: Part time working understudies are the significant workers of Starbucks so it gets hard for the organization to offer quality types of assistance. Along these lines, Starbucks requires giving preparing apparatuses to the addition in the efficiency of the workers. Enhancements in items and stores: Starbucks additionally need to improve their product offering by presenting noteworthy items that will coordinate the basic requests of the clients. Also, the organization needs to improve the store plan with the goal that the clients are more pulled in and devise methodologies for upgrades of Starbucks experience (George, 2010). Advancement of client centered activities: The Company to build the client footfall needs to utilize client centered activities like presentation of Starbucks unwaveringness card. Recovering the brand esteem : The Company should reestablish the brand an incentive by recapturing the feelings of the clients concerning the brand (Cole, 2008). Considering the above issues that Starbucks need to determine it very well may be proposed that appropriation of lean will be powerful. Utilization of lean will improve the efficiency by giving better preparing instruments to the unpracticed representatives of Starbucks. The utilization of the Queuing hypothesis approach inside the store will help Starbucks to improve the store structure and client stream. The utilization of six-sigma approach will help Starbucks to diminish the lead time on the creation of espresso and this will help Starbucks to invest more energy in associating with clients. Consequently, the utilization of the lean six sigma will help Starbucks to successfully lessen the deformities rates and furthermore dispose of the loss from the assembling procedure (Furst, 2010). The lean six-sigma process is actualized utilizing five phases to be specific characterizing the procedure that should be improved, measure the current procedure execution, break down the information discovered from the estimation, improve the blunders inside the procedure and decide control strategies so as to improve the procedure (Antony and Banuelas, 2002). Use of lean six-sigma in Starbucks Starbucks costs items that are costlier than other espresso marks notwithstanding; the client steadfastness of Starbucks is a consequence of the high consumer loyalty and pleasurable experience that Starbucks offers (Marksberry, 2011). Characterize In this stage, the administration at Starbucks will characterize the significant issue that should be tended to. Here the significant issue of Starbucks is to keep up a consis

Appropriate Use of Transparency Essay

Straightforwardness in the board circles is viewed as an upper hand. It includes sharing all data that one is prepared to share including awkward one. Straightforwardness infers correspondence, transparency and responsibility. A year ago I worked in a Non Governmental association where I discovered that they were require being straightforward by givers and different partners for them to keep getting assets and backing. That time the association was encountering a high work turnover since the executives felt that they recognized what subordinate staff needed. They thought they required a compensation increment while in genuine sense they required better working conditions (Stever, 2012). At the point when they begin including in dynamic and straightforwardness, trust and dependability expanded. Adversaries of straightforwardness contend that it is a poorly conceived notion to utilize straightforwardness methodology where data might be distorted, twisted or misconstrued. Being straightforward may take a great deal of assets and additional time consequently easing back the association procedure. It is contended that associations that training full straightforwardness are obvious objective of assaults and are defenseless against bunches that vibe estranged or underrepresented (Stever, 2012). It additionally a terrible procedure where the organization needs to keep exchange privileged insights and other data that is extraordinary. Another model is in the board of global exchange and understandings. Negotiators accept that a specific level of vagueness is vital in fruitful exchanges. It is likewise a terrible methodology to use in worldwide governmental issues and monetary dependability (Stever, 2012). It is accepted that breakdown of Briton wood conversion scale system was to a n enormous degree brought about by powerlessness to suit uncertainty. For pioneer to apply impact they should be straightforward so as to settle on definitive choices, making methods for placing them into activities and making backing or them. Pioneers who are straightforward are trusted by their supporter and construct dedication. This gives them a great deal of impact. Reference Stever, E. W. (2012). Straightforwardness. Rough Point, N.Y.: Writers Ink Press. Source report

Strategies for Writing Personal Reflective Essays

Strategies for Writing Personal Reflective EssaysIn the world of teaching, there are many different strategies that can be used to get students to come to their own personal reflection essay. Some teachers prefer the creative route, while others like to start with an outline and let the students dictate the content. Both of these strategies have advantages and disadvantages, so they are worth discussing in more detail.The first strategy is to start with an outline. It is not necessary for the students to work with you on their essay, but it can be helpful if they understand the purpose of the essay. Letting them know the overall theme of the essay and their role in it can make them feel more comfortable.Teachers have been known to ask their students to submit short pieces about a theme, such as 'the value of a friend.' This can be a good place to begin, especially if they think of the student as their 'brilliant' protégé. By the time they finish the essay, they should feel more com fortable talking about this topic. After all, they will be facing the same challenges that they did when they were first introduced to the topic.Students also benefit from an outline that provides direction for the style and content of the essay. Of course, a teacher wants to give direction in order to maintain control, but this can be easier said than done. Asking a student to write about something may be difficult. Asking the student to choose a topic and discuss it may be even more difficult.If you want to help your students have an easier time writing their essay, you might consider taking the reins. Take a step back and let them brainstorm. For example, you might tell them to choose an aspect of the topic that they find interesting. Then, you allow them to direct their thoughts toward this aspect of the topic.At first, students may find that this feels overwhelming, but with time, they will be able to access their own sense of direction. In addition, this strategy gives them a chance to express themselves more fully. They may come up with more ideas than you would expect, and they may come up with some very unique ideas.When the students begin to feel comfortable, the next step is to let them write the essay. Although this may seem to be a simple process, there are many different strategies that can be used to ensure that students feel more at ease. The point is to make sure that they feel comfortable and that you are supporting their expression as much as possible.In conclusion, there are many different strategies that can be used to help students create a personal reflection essay. Some teachers prefer the creative approach, while others prefer the outline and let the students dictate the content. You decide which approach is right for your students, and one of the most important things is to make sure that they feel at ease and confident in their efforts.

Describe Two or More Psychological Explanations of...

Describe two or more psychological explanations of schizophrenia 8+16 marks A01 A02 Sociocultural AO2 Cognitive Introducing Biology The cognitive explanation acknowledges the role of biological factors in schizophrenia, suggesting that the basis of the condition is abnormal brain activity producing visual and auditory hallucinations. Further features of the disorder emerge as people try to make sense of the hallucinations. When schizophrenics first experience voices and other worrying sensory experiences, they turn to others to confirm the validity of what they are experiencing. Other people fail to confirm the reality of these experiences, so the schizophrenic comes to believe that others must be hiding the truth. They begin to†¦show more content†¦The intention is to show schizophrenics that their hallucinations are not real. As yet, however, there is no evidence that this will provide a successful treatment. The research by Brown and Birley was a retrospective study where data is collected after events have occurred. In other words, once a person had developed schizophrenia they were asked about events leading up to the onset. It is quite likely that recall would be negatively affected by the events surrounding the onset of schizophrenia so such evidence may be unreliable. Prospective studies are preferable, where people are studied after the onset of the disorder. Hirsch et al followed 71 schizophrenic patients over a 48-week period. It was clear that life events made a significant cumulative (increasing) contribution in the 12 months preceding relapse rather than immediately prior to the schizophrenic episode. This does support the retrospective research. However, not all research supports the importance of life stressors. For example, Van Os et al reported no link between life events and the onset of schizophrenia. In the prospective part of the study, patients who had experienced a major life event went on to have a lower incidence of relapse rather than an increased risk as predicted. One criticism of this research is that it is correlational. Therefore, we cannot infer a causalShow MoreRelatedBiological Explanations of Schizophrenia1940 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Describe and evaluate biological explanations of schizophrenia (24 marks) Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder characterized by distorted thinking, impaired emotional responses, poor interpersonal skills and a distortion of reality. It is the most common of psychotic disorders that, in most countries around the world, affects around 1 per cent of the population. 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After looking into the mind of Ian Chovil who was a victim of the mental health disease and finding his accounts very eccentric it is clear that this is something that could quite possibly affect the brains of the people that commit serious crimes in regards to the Media. Ian saysRead MoreA Research Study On Psychological Research2167 Words   |  9 PagesPsychological research can be conducted using a number of different methods such as; Surveys- these can be conducted face to face or as written questions. The questions asked will be applicable to the research being studied. A target group is normally considered or random participants may be selected to partake. Questionnaires- participants answer written questions specifically designed. 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Essay about Gang Resistance Education and Training Program

Gang Resistance Education and Training Program Alian Cruz CRJ 305: Crime Prevention Ann Meek 08 OCT, 2011 For my final paper I am going to talk about a program that in my eyes is a great way for our youth to receive different views and healthy choices when it comes to avoiding and confronting gangs or gang members. Gang Resistance Education and Training, abbreviated G.R.E.A.T., and provides a school-based, police officer instructed program that includes classroom instruction and various learning activities. The mission of the program is to provide a range of activities to our kids to keep them away from gangs or related activity as well as educate them on competency, usefulness, and personal empowerment which will prevent them from†¦show more content†¦The first important ingredient in the G.R.E.A.T program is the instruction of life skills is the foundation of the program. The program is intended as an immunization against delinquency, youth violence, and gang membership for children in the years immediately before the prime ages for introduction into gangs and delinquent beha vior. In accordance with a study by Dr. Esbensen in 2000, delinquency often serves as a precursor to gang involvement, the GREAT program focuses on providing life skills to students to help them avoid delinquent behavior and resorting to violence to solve problems. Communities need not have a gang problem in order to benefit from the program as its primary objective is prevention and is intended as an immunization against delinquency, youth violence, and gang membership. Reaching children at an earlier stage of development allows for a better transition into the middle school curriculum. The G.R.E.A.T. Program consists of four components: a 13-session middle school curriculum, an elementary school curriculum, a summer program, and families training. The Elementary curriculum has integrated National English Language Arts Standards and National Health Education Standards and is based on effective research practices. The G.R.E.A.T. elementary curriculum was designed for fourth and fifth grade students. Children who have aggressive behavior in the elementary school years are more likely to displayShow MoreRelatedThe Gang Resistance Education And Training ( Great ) Program1298 Words   |  6 Pagesthe creation for the Gang Resistance Education and Training (GREAT) program, America’s inner cities was experiencing a substantial increase of gang membership along the youth living in impoverished communities. During the early 1990s, many viewed gang ac tivity as a particular community’s problem, but as youth and gang violence was increasing drastically across the United States’ inner cities, the public’s perception about this social issue changed. 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Just like African Americans formed gangs to protect themselves against Chicago s white gangs, the Latin Kings formed in Chicago with the same intent. In Chicago Mr. Sanchez a member of the Latin Kings gang shared in an interview: How the Latin Kings were originally formed decades ago to protect the Puerto Rican communityRead MoreExecutive Summary America s Most Popular Anti Drug Program Essay801 Words   |  4 Pages America’s most popular anti-drug program D.A.R.E. has created an uproar. The D.A.R.E. program had many issues the main one being its ineffectiveness. How could the most widely used drug prevention program in the United States be deemed ineffective? What went wrong? â€Å"The prevention of drug abuse is an especially salient topic for school psychologists and other educational professionals. 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It is no surprise the information that we take in through television on the topic ofRead MoreCauses Of Gang And Gang Violence1446 Words   |  6 PagesGang and gang violence has always been an ongoing problem within the country. Street gangs have evolved into some of the most notorious group associated with murders and killings that law enforcement agencies have encountered. Gang violence has becom e one of the most serious crime problem happening in the country that involves physical assaults, drive-by shootings, homicides, robberies, prostitutions, and home-invasion along with a long list of criminal activities. It had occurred and multipliedRead MoreProblem Solution Essay1641 Words   |  7 PagesProblem solution essay Final Draft. GANG VIOLENCE IN AMERICAN SCHOOLS There are approximately 27,900 gangs, with 774,000 members, impacting towns, cities, and communities across the United States. According to a recent bulletin released by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 23 percent of students aged 12 through 18 years reported presence of street gangs in their schools. Almost half (46%) of students in public schools reported street gang presence. In addition, 21 percentRead MoreDrug Prevention And Education : America s Largest And Longest Running Programs Essay985 Words   |  4 PagesWhen it comes to drug prevention and education, it must differ and be carefully designed depending on the age group and other contributing factors to drug use/abuse. One of the world’s largest and longest running programs has had a great impact on society, both nationally and globally. Even if someone has never attended a seminar or been taught a class in their school, a majority of people know or at least have heard of the D.A.R.E. prog ram. This program has a humble beginning and a positive mission

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders

In early 2013, American Psychiatric Association’s (2013) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) was reorganized in an attempt to increase the clinical utility of the extant eating disorder classification systems by reducing the number of Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS) cases without losing past research evidence regarding effective treatment for this diagnosis (Keel, Brown, Holm-Denoma Bodell, 2011). Revisions that was instilled in DSM-V was the expansion of Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and Bulimia Nervosa (BN) categories as well as the separation of Binge Eating Disorder from EDNOS which was done so to make the distinctiveness of each eating disorder (ED) groups clearer which would subsequently reduce the number of EDNOS cases. For AN, amenorrhea was eliminated as one of the diagnosis criteria as it lacked relevance for men, women taking estrogen and postmenopausal women (Attia Roberto, 2009). The removal of this criterion has increased the severity of the disorder which has then allowed for more research consideration. On the other hand, BN requirement for the frequency of binge-eating episodes and inappropriate compensatory behaviors was reduced from twice per week over the past 3 months to just once a week in order to reduce EDNOS sub-threshold BN cases (Wilson Sysko, 2009). Other than that, there was also the addition of Binge Eating Disorder (BED) as a formally recognized diagnostic category instead of being a part of EDNOS. ThisShow MoreRelatedThe Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders2108 Words   |  9 Pageshad a personality disorder (The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 2004). 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It also enables clinicians, pharmaceutical companies, researchers and policy-makers to make clear decisions around access to services and treatment guidelines for the clientsRead MoreThe Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders1589 Words   |  7 Pagesover several topics all of which are related to the mind and what is or is not perceived as a mental disorder. There are many different types of approaches to personality. Understanding each approach and how it compares to the others will help understand how one develops their personality. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is in its fifth edition. Had the original manual never been updated, there would be many individuals who are misdiagnosed. As technology advancesRead MoreThe Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders1865 Words   |  8 PagesMental illnesses and their symptoms are intricate experiences that have the ability to be conceived and measured both categorically and dimensionally. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) relies substantially on a categorical application, but requires review of the dimensional temperament of mental disorders. Eating Disorders (ED) have become an abode for implications for meeting criteria of diagnosis. Categorical classifications and details are habitually functional yetRead MoreDiagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders1365 Words   |  6 PagesAssociation publishes the DSM-IV for medical personal to refer to when diagnosing patients. 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In past editions, Autistic Disorder, Asperger’s Disorder and Pervasive Developmental Disorder were listedRead MoreDiagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders1631 Words   |  7 PagesIn troduction The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (2013) or DSM-5 outlines the four feeding and eating disorders as, Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge-Eating Disorder, and Other Specified Feeding and Eating Disorder (OSFED). These are complex and highly devastating disorders that cause health, emotional, and relationship problems (NEDA, 2016). These conditions should not be taken lightly due to their potential to cause long term emotional and physicalRead MoreDiagnostic And Statistical And Manual Of Mental Disorders Essay907 Words   |  4 Pages DIAGNOSTIC IMPRESSION Claimant s multi- axial assessment was established by using Fifth Edition of Diagnostic and Statistical and Manual of Mental Disorder. Claimant DSM-V multi- axial classification is as follows: Axis I: Major Depressive Disorder, Recurrent, Severe Without Psychotic Features Generalized Anxiety Disorder AXIS II: Deferred AXIS III: Ewing’s Sarcoma Cancer, in remission AXIS IV: Problems Related To The Social Environment: Read MoreDiagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders862 Words   |  4 PagesDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a guidebook used by health care specialists in the United States to diagnose mental disorders. DSM incorporates numerous disorders and their description, symptoms, and other criteria for diagnosing mental disorders. The DSM was recently revised to better characterize symptoms and behaviors of groups of people who are currently seeking clinical help but whose symptoms are not well defined by DSM-IV. For example, the first category of disordersRead MoreThe Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders2040 Words   |  9 Pagesthe fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), the compelling feature of substance use disorders is that the grouping of psychological feature, physiological and activity manifestations in a person who often uses mood/mind-altering substances in spite of i ssues related to their use (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p. 483). The DSM-5 identifies a very important characteristic proportionate to the severity of those disorders the underlying amendment Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders Introduction The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (2013) or DSM-5 outlines the four feeding and eating disorders as, Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge-Eating Disorder, and Other Specified Feeding and Eating Disorder (OSFED). These are complex and highly devastating disorders that cause health, emotional, and relationship problems (NEDA, 2016). These conditions should not be taken lightly due to their potential to cause long term emotional and physical health problems. Without professional help and an understanding of the disorder, they become life threatening. With statistics rising in the prevalence of these disorders, it is important to explore what they are, whom they are impacting, and what needs to be done to help those struggling. This study will further examine each eating disorder in terms of signs, symptoms, causes, prevalence, and its effects on the individual. In the field of social work, it is important to know how the culture and commu nity of an individual is impacting their reason for entering treatment. This study will also look at the impact society has on those in Westernized as well as non-Western cultures. To emphasis the importance of this study, these are a few statistics showing the prevalence, impact, and devastation due to Eating Disorders. About one in every hundred young women between ages 10-20 are starving themselves, meeting criteria for anorexia (ANRED, 2016) Four Percent ofShow MoreRelatedThe Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders2108 Words   |  9 Pageshad a personality disorder (The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 2004). According to the American Psychiatric Association (2013), â€Å"a personality disorder is an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture, is pervasive and inflexible, has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable over time, and leads to distress or impairment† (p. 645). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V)Read MoreThe Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders ( Dsm )1788 Words   |  8 PagesHistory of DSM The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a mental health diagnostic system that allow clinicians (i.e. psychiatrics, psychologists, social workers, occupational therapists and nurses) to have a common understanding of mental health conditions (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2000). It also enables clinicians, pharmaceutical companies, researchers and policy-makers to make clear decisions around access to services and treatment guidelines for the clientsRead MoreThe Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders1589 Words   |  7 Pagesover several topics all of which are related to the mind and what is or is not perceived as a mental disorder. There are many different types of approaches to personality. Understanding each approach and how it compares to the others will help understand how one develops their personality. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is in its fifth edition. Had the original manual never been updated, there would be many individuals who are misdiagnosed. As technology advancesRead MoreThe Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders1865 Words   |  8 PagesMental illnesses and their symptoms are intricate experiences that have the ability to be conceived and measured both categorically and dimensionally. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) relies substantially on a categorical application, but requires review of the dimensional temperament of mental disorders. Eating Disorders (ED) have become an abode for implications for meeting criteria of diagnosis. Categorical classifications and details are habitually functional yetRead MoreThe Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders Essay1570 Words   |  7 Pagesconducted on the diagnostic features and potential definitions of autism, and the accompanying developmental, social and behavioral deficits found in individuals diagnosed with autism. The various editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) have changed in their definitions and diagnostic criteria of autism over time. In past editions, Autistic Disorder, Asperger’s Disorder and Pervasive Developmental Disorder were listedRead MoreDiagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders1365 Words   |  6 PagesAssociation publishes the DSM-IV for medical personal to refer to when diagnosing patients. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition consist of three major components; diagnostic classification, diagnostic criteria set, and the descriptive text, which covers all mental health disorders for both children and adults. Some of the information covered by the DSM-IV includes known causes of disorders, statistics in terms of gender, and age of onset, prognosis and research concerning theRead MoreDiagnostic And Statistical And Manual Of Mental Disorders Essay907 Words   |   4 Pages DIAGNOSTIC IMPRESSION Claimant s multi- axial assessment was established by using Fifth Edition of Diagnostic and Statistical and Manual of Mental Disorder. Claimant DSM-V multi- axial classification is as follows: Axis I: Major Depressive Disorder, Recurrent, Severe Without Psychotic Features Generalized Anxiety Disorder AXIS II: Deferred AXIS III: Ewing’s Sarcoma Cancer, in remission AXIS IV: Problems Related To The Social Environment: Read MoreDiagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders862 Words   |  4 PagesDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a guidebook used by health care specialists in the United States to diagnose mental disorders. DSM incorporates numerous disorders and their description, symptoms, and other criteria for diagnosing mental disorders. The DSM was recently revised to better characterize symptoms and behaviors of groups of people who are currently seeking clinical help but whose symptoms are not well defined by DSM-IV. For example, the first category of disordersRead MoreThe Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders2040 Words   |  9 Pagesthe fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), the compelling feature of substance use disorders is that the grouping of psychological feature, physiological and activity manifestations in a person who often uses mood/mind-altering substances in spite of i ssues related to their use (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p. 483). The DSM-5 identifies a very important characteristic proportionate to the severity of those disorders the underlying amendmentRead MoreDiagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorder1251 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is still a largely misunderstood condition, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) lists several criteria to assist in the identifying and diagnosing process. 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Andy Warhol Influence on the Twentieth Century Pop Art Movement Essay Example For Students

Andy Warhol: Influence on the Twentieth Century Pop Art Movement Essay Warhol created his pieces by discovering what was popular, what stood out in modern art, and also something with standard American values. Warhol also took everyday objects and turned them into pop art sensations. He realized that the majority of the United States went food shopping and decided to create a line of supermarket products. This line of Whorls included the very popular Brills boxes, price tags, the banana, and Coca-Cola bottles (Warwick). His creation of Coca Cola Bottles in 1962 became very popular. The bottles are in the everyday life of an American which made them very familiar with practically everyone. Warhol used to identify the nature Of the great American society, anonymous and consumerist, devoted to conformism and with a pride in unanimity, was the ubiquitous Coca Cola bottle. (Cobblestone 12). To Warhol, a Coca Cola bottle seemed so simple but, also a universal icon in the united States. Before Warhol, lots of artists had assistants who stretched and primed canvases, ran errands, r even participated in making the work. But at the Factory, the crew grew to the size off small business. It was seen as a sort of entourage, but Warhol turned that idea on its head: People thought it was me that everyone at the Factory was hanging around But thats absolutely backward. It was me who was hanging around everyone else. I just paid the rent. gave rise to?a type tort whom conflating culture and commerce is about engaging with modern life on its own Warhol went back to the origin of art: drawing Stuff That Matters cavemen drawing animals that either fed them or killed them, later paintings and sculptures of gods and demons. Andy Warhol looked at the world and asked, what matters now? Which is how icons of Marilyn Monroe and consumer products such as Campbell Soup ended up being part of his work. Warhol created his pieces by discovering what was popular, what stood out in modern art, and also something with standard American values. Warhol also took everyday objects and turned them into pop art sensations.

Eight-thousander Essay Example

Eight-thousander Essay Sudarshan Gautam has a long road ahead of him before next years historic attempt to summit Mount Everest. The Nepalese-born Mount Royal University student, who has no arms, will be cruising from one Canadian coast to the other to raise cash, awareness and, perhaps, the pulses of other drivers as he makes the journey behind the wheel using just his feet. The inspiring amputee, who is licensed to drive and has done so on asphalt in 29 countries, is planning to pull off the feat as early as this summer.Donations generated through his adventure will be split among a mountaineering program for the disabled, offered through the Vancouver-based Tetra Society, and his own endeavour to scale the worlds highest peak, planned for next March. I like to spread the message that disability is not inability and I hope it will help for our mission to raise (money) for those things, said Gautam, 30, who will meet with sponsors Tuesday to finalize a start date for the cross-country tour. I have been pl anning this for next month, but because of the federal election the sponsor wants to move the project a couple months later. | |Gautam, who hails from the rural Ramecchap district of Nepal, lost his arms at 14 while vacationing with his family in Kathmandu. He was flying a kite that became entangled with overhead power lines. Believing the wire was insulated, he used a piece of iron to dislodge the kite. The resulting jolt badly damaged his limbs, which doctors had no choice but to remove. The physical disadvantage has proven to be of little consequence to Gautam. In 2005, he earned a bachelors degree in management and commerce before moving on to his next challenge scaling the 5,372-metre Mount Yala using his teeth, feet and the aid of sherpas.Through the Mount Everest expedition, Gautam hopes to raise $1 million for Nepalese orphans and disabled persons. I was born a normal child in Gunshi, Bhauduri-1 in Ramechhap district of Nepal. An average student, I enjoyed sports, particul arly, volleyball and soccer while at school. Apart from sports, I felt excited by scientific experiments. Like any child I was full of dreams, hopes, aspirations and passion. The first few of my dreams were to become a pilot or a political leader. A tragic accident, however, turned my whole life upside down.In June 1994, I arrived in Kathmandu, the capital city of Nepal, on vacation. One day, I was flying a kite from a rooftop. The kite got stuck on the overhead electric wires. I did not realize that there were some naked wires. What’s even worse: I was totally oblivious to the fact that the wires carried an electricity of 11,000 volts. Naive as I was at the time, I used an iron rod to free the kite. I always shudder to think what happened after that. My father and uncle took me immediately to the Nepal Army Hospital. When I regained consciousness, I found that both my hands were completely burnt.After a few days at the hospital, doctors amputated both my arms. The unthinkabl e consequences of the accident led to the amputation of not just of my dreams but my whole future! My life became a burden onto myself. The days and weeks after my arms were amputated seem like dreadful memories. It felt as if I was engulfed in total darkness without the smallest glimmer of light. I knew I was alive, yet I was no more alive than a dead body. I could no longer do things that I did earlier. All my friends deserted me. I felt completely isolated from the world.I saw all my dreams shattering into pieces right before my eyes. I returned to my village after eight months of medication. When I reached my village, my neighbors and even my close friends laughed at my condition and others felt pity at my disability. In my own village, I was dubbed a â€Å"poor boy. † Meanwhile, many of my friends and classmates completed their School Leaving Certificate exams. The villagers congratulated them on their success and expressed pity for me, the â€Å"poor boy. † Their pity hurt me. I started facing terrible discrimination.I had not only lost my hands, but also my self-respect and dignity. I had lost my identity of being a man. There was nothing left in my life except for tears and endless sorrows. I asked myself how long I could go on living in that condition. What can I do? There seemed to be no answers. There seemed to be no hope at all. â€Å"Change and growth take place when a person has risked himself and dares to become involved with experimenting with his own life. † Herbert Otto â€Å"Challenges are what make life interesting and overcoming them is what makes life meaningful. Joshua J. Marine Time is the greatest healer and courage a genuine guide. As time passed by, I began to gather myself up and was able to muster courage and strength I never felt within me before. Things began to change after I made peace with the fact that no matter what, I had to endure my disability. I knew that if I did not overcome my weakness, I would end up worthless. I had to either prove myself a differently-abled person or live like a dead man. I followed my inner voice and started doing things in my own way. I customized things around me to suit my ability.I trained myself to do things on my own, including brushing teeth, taking showers, shaving, cooking and feeding. The more I started doing things independently, the more I realized I could do a lot of things that physically fit people do, without anybody’s support. Gradually, I started to play cards, carom, chess, etc. I even learnt how to ride a horse, a task many bodily fit people find daunting. I also practiced writing with my toes and later took School Leaving Certificate final examinations. I passed, writing the answers with my toes. â€Å"I am thankful for all of those who said NO to me.It’s because of them I’m doing it myself. † Albert Einstein Success is the harbinger of happiness. My village folks congratulated me on my success in the SLC exams. My courage and consistency paid back at last. I felt a deep sense of delight and pride. Overnight, I – the poor boy – became an icon of success in my village and others in the vicinity. Parents would tell their children, â€Å"Look! He passed his exams despite the disability. You should be embarrassed of yourself. † All this boosted my confidence. I began to believe in myself strongly once again.I managed to free myself from the psychological barriers that were holding me back. Finally, I could see the light at the end of the tunnel. I was ready to take on all sorts of challenges in the world and I was prepared to strive hard to succeed. I recovered my old cheerful self and started getting involved in all kinds of activities and socializations in the community. People in my village began to call me their young leader. I left my village for Kathmandu to continue my higher education. When I arrived in Kathmandu, I made a promise to myself: â€Å"One da y I will claim my respectable lace in my society and the world will regard me as a brave person! † I got enrolled at Nepal Commerce Campus, Kathmandu, Nepal from where I graduated in commerce. While at college, as a leader of students’ council, I advocated for the rights and rehabilitation of the disabled. â€Å"If we all did the things we are capable of, we would astound ourselves. † -Thomas Edison † It is hard to fail, but it is worse never to have tried to succeed. † Theodore Roosevelt I aspired to have my name entered in the Guinness Book of World Records so that my country would be proud of my efforts.To achieve that goal, I decided to drive a standard car. I visited many driving institutes asking them to train me and sought financial help from many organizations to help fund the project. Nobody came forward to support the cause as they didn’t believe I could do it. At last, I invested my own funds to learn how to drive from a private dri ving institute. On September 8, 2001, I demonstrated my driving skill to approximately 10,000 spectators. The Government of Nepal, Nepal Disabled Federation, Only at Nepal and many other social organizations helped me to organize that event.The demonstration was aired by various television channels and radios and covered in the print media. Now I am capable to drive a standard car with my feet through the busy streets. Driving a car on the streets of Kathmandu for the first time was an amazing and unforgettable experience. After the driving demonstration, I got support from many institutions. I was presented with cash awards and honored by many social organizations and the Nepalese Government. As people started to take me seriously, I transformed from being a poor, pitiable child, to somebody who could help others.So I began advocating the cause of others like me. As a president of Nepali for Nepali Cooperation Committee-Nepal, Nepal Scout and other organizations, I took initiatives to support more than 20,000 people of Mugu district from 2001 to 2004. In 2003, I took on a new challenge. With the help of a driving institute, I learned how to ride a normal (not modified) motorbike. A date for motorcycle riding demonstration was fixed. Unfortunately, because Nepal’s political situation worsened, the demonstration had to be cancelled. I continued to serve as a social worker nd was an active student political leader, but I was not satisfied. Meanwhile, I had been meeting many dedicated people and philanthropists from around the world. They supported me and helped me to plan my future activities. I got a chance to visit different countries and show my abilities. The abroad experience reinforced my confidence and I felt I had attained a new status in my life. Finally, I chose Canada to settle down. Today, I have the potentialities and opportunities to prove my abilities. My dreams, which I had wrongly believed were shattered after my hands were amputated, onc e again started coming alive.I felt capable of dreaming again. â€Å"I avoid looking forward or backward, and try to keep looking upward. † Charlotte Bronte â€Å"Forget all the reasons it won’t work and believe the one reason that it will. † Unknown Now, my only one dream is to set my foot on top of the Mt. Everest. I have had some rock climbing training in Nepal. I climbed 5,732 m Mount Yala Peak in 2005 without prosthesis arms and oxygen. A press conference was held before I went on the Yala Peak expedition. People did not believe that I could not climb mountains without both arms. Some even laughed at me and taunted me.But I didn’t give up my hope. I ascended Mount Yala at 3 am on Aug. 24, 2005 with an expedition team led by the fastest climb record holder, Pemba Dorje Sherpa. I got enormous support from the Government of Nepal and the United Nations in Nepal for my attempt to summit Yala. I am confident that can climb Mt Everest as well. All I need is your support and best wishes to keep up my strength and hope. I wish to climb Mount Everest without prosthetics so that I can be an inspiration to millions of physically challenged people around the world. I’d like to spread the message: â€Å"Disability is not inability. †

5 Words Caught in Semantic Drift

5 Words Caught in Semantic Drift 5 Words Caught in Semantic Drift 5 Words Caught in Semantic Drift By Mark Nichol Is it possible to simultaneously admire the vibrancy and flexibility of the English language and grumble about shifts in meaning that deprive the language of some of its richness? I know it is, because I often do so. Because of the organic nature of language, English is a victim of semantic drift not as cataclysmic as continental drift, but detectable on the rigor scale and I regret the loss of the far-flung flotsam. Semantic drift is the evolution that occurs in the meaning of some words when careless, ignorant usage alters or even reverses their senses. Such change is inevitable, but allow me to mourn the loss of a word here and there, never again to be applicable to an idea or image with such crisp clarity. Here are five terms tainted by semantic drift: 1. Aggravate The essence of aggravate is right there in the middle: grav-, the root of gravity and grave (as in â€Å"serious†; the word for the resting place of a coffin has a different etymological origin). The Latin word gravis means â€Å"heavy,† and aggravate originally literally means â€Å"to make heavy†; the original sense was â€Å"to make worse.† But almost immediately and naturally, because a burden is irritating it acquired the additional sense of â€Å"exasperate.† Use of that meaning now predominates. Wordsmith H. W. Fowler proclaimed that â€Å"to make worse† is the only correct sense of aggravate; he was undoubtedly irritated (not aggravated) to know that popular usage defied his decree. 2. Bemused The root of this word, muse, means â€Å"to think or ponder,† but it has an amusing origin; it is from a Latinate term for â€Å"snout† and became associated with cogitation from the image of lifting one’s nose in the air, perhaps to sniff a scent and consider its source. (It is apparently unrelated to, though influenced by, muse, meaning â€Å"to think,† from the name of the Muses, the Greek goddesses of the arts and sciences; this is also the origin of museum and music.) Bemused (â€Å"confused†) is often confused for amused (â€Å"comically entertained†) because of their original similarity of meaning: Bemused literally means â€Å"thoroughly thinking,† suggesting being confused by thinking too much, whereas the literal meaning of amused is â€Å"without thought,† with the connotation of being diverted from thinking by some lighthearted entertainment. However, bemusement is serious business. 3. Nonplussed This word, taken literally from the Latin words for no and more, originally was used in the noun form to describe a point from which one could not continue because one was perplexed. For five hundred years, that’s what the word meant. But at some point during the twentieth century, people inexplicably began to assume that it refers to the opposite state, that of being unfazed (not unphased!) or at ease, as if being plussed were a state of bewilderment and nonplussed therefore means â€Å"not bewildered.† The antonymic meaning soon went viral, and now one is likely to be unclear about which meaning a speaker or writer has in mind. When that happens, perhaps it’s best to retire a word altogether and fortunately in this case, at least bewildered and perplexed persist (for now) with unequivocal synonymic meaning. 4. Nostalgia This battle was lost long ago, but the case study is interesting. Nostalgia was coined (from the first part of the Greek word for â€Å"homecoming† and the Latin suffix -algia itself originally from Greek and meaning â€Å"pain†) in the late 1600s to refer to the literal affliction of homesickness. For two centuries, nostalgia was treated as a serious ailment suffered by soldiers and others who suffered ailments caused by a melancholic longing for home. That clinical sense itself wasted away, and though nostalgia continued to refer to homesickness, that meaning was overtaken by the idea of a sentimental yearning for a lost state or condition, usually temporally rather than spatially irrevocable. However, I’m nostalgic about the lost meaning. 5. Voluptuous For hundreds of years, voluptuous meant â€Å"luxurious, pleasure seeking, devoted to sensual gratification† (the Latin root is voluptas, meaning â€Å"pleasure†), but back in the early 1800s, the word came to be associated primarily with female beauty, and later the primary sense shifted to that of curvaceousness. Here are some other words that have been affected by semantic drift. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Rhetorical Devices for Rational WritingConfusing "Passed" with "Past"May Have vs. Might Have

Domestic Violence Cycles Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Domestic Violence Cycles - Term Paper Example The victims are usually women, children, elderly people, physically or mentally challenged persons and partners in gay or lesbian relationship (Steiner, 1996). Domestic violence is a far-reaching and social problem which has raised many serious debates. While many sociologists argue that domestic violence is mainly a male- perpetrated issue, many others believe that women are as violent as men in intimate relationships. The issue of domestic violence, especially against women, is not new and in fact, the domestic violence movement is at least 3 decades old. The movement has caught a lot of public awareness and has got many protective laws enacted. Many extensive networks of services have been started to help the victims of domestic violence. Domestic violence can be either physical - where there is danger of harm to any part of the victims body; psychological and emotional - where the offender abuses the victim verbally or criticizes her in front of others or causes embarrassment, despair, sadness or terror; sexual- wherein the victim suffers rape or any other derogatory treatment; economical- the offender tortures the victim by causing financial tensions, not allowing her to spend or asking her penny-to-penny accounts of what is being spent; or social- where the victim is not given freedom to meet her friends and relatives or attend social gatherings. Other methods of harassment include blackmailing, following, unwanted emails, and phone calls, etc. Children, elderly and the disabled may also suffer by sheer negligence like not giving food, shelter, and clothes properly or not giving medical aid in time. Also, children may suffer by just looking at their mother being beaten up (Davies, Smith and deBenedictis, 2008). According to the 1998 Commonwealth fund survey, nearly 31% of American women report being abused by their partners at some point in their lives (Commonwealth Fund, 1999).

Elements of reasoning and intellectual standards Coursework

Elements of reasoning and intellectual standards - Coursework Example The problem arising is that the president failed to visit the flood torn area in the boarder where many children got affected. The information should be from a credible source. In this article, Perry was quoted in a CNN interview saying that the American people expect to see their President when there is a disaster and that president Obama showed up in Sandy and not in Texas (Cohen, Payne, & Ford, 2014). This information is credible as it is given to the global news caster. The news article should also highlight the concept or the way the event is supposed to be approached at a given time. The concept here is that the American president needs to have a close attachment with the people and therefore he should have been with the children in the flood area. The clash arose when the president said that going to a crisis area is only meant for a photo shot implying that there is no need of moving to the area. This attributes of the president have been likened with the acts of the former president George W. Bush who decided not to visit the Gulf coast when it was affected by the storm Hurricane Katrina in 2005. He opted to fly with the Air Force One hence got a lot of criticism from the public for detaching himself from the victims (Cohen, Payne, & Ford, 2014). It is recommended that the president should at least send some representatives than being silent or even criticizing that event for doing so he may be portrayed as if he is not concerned with the peop le. The article should portray fairness in its way of representation meaning that the editors should be fair in their news release. The intellectual standards have been used as we can see the involved actors are responding to criticism. The governors state their criticism about the event and the president states his view on how he thinks is supposed to happen. In my own opinion, I think the article is biased because the criticism towards the president does not

Most Common Form Of Sexual Activity Essay Example for Free

Most Common Form Of Sexual Activity Essay Introduction As depicted in Salvador Dalis The Great Masturbator, masturbation is a fascinating and complex topic that affects each of us differently. Despite almost universal agreement by medical doctors that masturbation is a normal, safe, and common practice, masturbation continues to be associated with embarrassment, shame, and guilt, primarily due to societal perceptions of the act. Yet masturbation is a common and natural function that is practiced by individuals of all sexual orientations, genders, and ages. Masturbation is defined as sexual self-pleasuring that involves self-stimulation. According to recent studies, 97% of men and 83% of women have masturbated at some point in their lives. That is an increase from the 1950s Kinsey Report, which reported that 92% of men and 58% of women have masturbated. Although masturbation is statistically quite prevalent, it is still viewed by society as a taboo subject. Historical Background While there are no direct references to masturbation in cave paintings or other prehistoric artifacts, the practice of masturbation by Bonobo chimpanzees, which share 98.4% percent of our DNA, provides some confirmation that masturbation has likely been practiced since the dawn of mankind. The Ancient World In the ancient world, depictions of male masturbation are relatively common. The Egyptians, for example, celebrated masturbation as the process by which the sun god, Atum, created the first Adam and Eve equivalents, Shu and Tefnut. With the hand of God, Atum masturbated and brought forth the first pair of souls. The Sumerians, who invented the first written Western language, make reference to the Mesopotamian god Enki masturbating, his ejaculation filling the Tigris River with flowing water. Condemnation of masturbation is as old as fertility-worship and is probably based on early man’s realization that there is safety in numbers. A bigger tribe is more likely to gain new territory and expand its power base. In theory, this is this reason that any form of sexual pleasure unlikely to result in a population increase (e.g. masturbation, homosexuality, oral/anal sex) has routinely been denounced as wrong. While in today’s overpopulated world this rationale no longer makes logical sense, this belief structure continues to drive the moral attitudes of many people. In the Judeo-Christian tradition prevalent throughout Western society, the main Scripture quoted by Christians to denounce masturbation is Genesis 38. In biblical times, under Jewish law, a brother was required to procreate with his brothers widow. Onan of Judah refused, and spilled his seed (i.e. ejaculate), on the ground instead. This is the origin of the term Onanism (The Sin of Onan) which is incorrectly used in place of masturbation — in fact, what really happened was premature withdrawal (i.e. coitus interruptus). 18th 19th Centuries It was primarily during the 1700s and 1800s when masturbation was first associated with mental and physical deficiencies. Some prominent physicians, scientists, philosophers, and religious leaders believed that illnesses such as insanity, vision and hearing problems, epilepsy, mental retardation, and general health problems were caused by self-stimulation. In fact, over 60% of medical and mental illnesses were blamed on masturbation. The fear of masturbation was so great that throughout the world, extreme preventative measures were instituted including the use of mechanical restraints, genital surgery, and physical discipline. By the 19th century the cereal magnate John Harvey Kellogg declared sex for anything but reproduction to be sexual excess. Kellogg and others began advocating routine circumcision of males as a deterrent to masturbation. 20th Century In the 20th Century, individuals within the medical community began questioning whether or not masturbation was independent from the various psychiatric and medical illnesses to which it was historically linked. During the 1950s and 1960s, with greater discussion of sex and sexuality and lessening conservative social attitudes along with greater medical research on the topic of masturbation, the thought that the act of self-stimulation is associated with medical and mental illnesses dissipated. Beginning with the Kinsey Report of 1948, masturbation was demystified and even discovered to be beneficial. In 1966, Masters Johnson (see photo) revealed the practice to be virtually universal in North America, cutting across all boundaries of sex, age, race, and social class. In 1971 Goldstein, Haeberle McBride determined masturbation to be the most common form of sexual activity among humans. Today It is clear that masturbation has had a dynamic and varied history. It now almost universally accepted by the medical community that masturbation is a common, safe, and normal practice which occurs in infants, teenagers, and adults. Despite this new attitude, the actual practice and discussion of masturbation continues to be a social taboo within most societies. Former Surgeon General Jocelyn Elder was immediately dismissed by President Clinton in 1994 after she stated that masturbation â€Å"is something that is part of human sexuality and its part of something that perhaps should be taught.† Facts and Figures 1. Masturbation is not evil, dirty or harmful it will not make you go blind, drive you insane, turn you in to a pervert, stunt your growth, give you an STD, make you sterile or get you pregnant. 2. Both guys and girls masturbate, it is a normal and healthy part of sexual development. 3. Masturbation is a very personal thing and should not be done in public places or around people who are not willing partners (think safer sex activity). 4. You are normal if you masturbate, normal if you wonder about it but dont do it, and normal if you never give it a second thought and dont do it it is one of the few things in life that is normal if you do and normal if you dont. 5. Masturbation may make sexual intercourse more enjoyable because you will already know what it takes to please you. 6. Masturbation alleviates stress and releases endorphens (the pleasure hormones) in to your system making you more relaxed. 7. Masturbation as exploration of the body is common in children between the ages of 3 and 6, in teens masturbation becomes more sophisticated and sexually motivated. 8. Surveys have shown that 80% of males and 59% of females have masturbated by age 18. 9. Many experts believe that masturbation is more prevalent in the teen years due to a strong fluctuation of hormones; masturbation alleviates the strain of this build up and is a necessary part of development. 10. The only real problems that come with masturbation are psychological and are the result of unhealthy or weary attitudes toward doing it (if you do it but are ashamed) or abnormal practices (for example, public masturbation). Biblical View. One of the most prevalent rationalizations that people use is that the Bible never mentions masturbation and that it must therefore be alright. Is that logical? Is child molestation alright then? Its not specifically forbidden in the Bible. How about shooting heroin? Or how about torturing someone? Not mentioned! You see how illogical the argument quickly becomes. The most obvious biblical principle that is applicable to masturbation is found in Mt 5:28 where Jesus indicates that lusting after someone in the heart is the same as actually doing it. I am violating whomever I am picturing in my mind during the act of masturbation. It really doesnt matter whether it is a picture from a magazine, (Those are real people!), or someone Ive met or a memory of some act committed in the past. And if I can discipline my mind to think of no one, what of that? Attainment of such focus only serves to make obvious the desperation and obsession that drives us to such lengths. The principles found in 1 Cor 6:12; and Rom 6:14 clearly emerge as foundational to our plight that we are slaves to whatever masters us. When we get truly honest about the habit of masturbation, it is clear that it is a behavior that controls us one that we use to medicate pain, to alleviate stress or to forget rejection. In that way, it is similar to a drug habit just one more vehicle to avoid turning to God. Why wont we turn to God? We may be ashamed. We may believe that Hes going to judge and punish us. We may not trust Him. Or, it simply may never occur to us. We dont normally see God as being involved in the fulfillment of our sexual lives. Hes a Spirit after all and we are physical creatures. And yet, He is in fact the answer to every problem. He can quench our unholy desire and He can teach us to respond to problems by working through them rather than from running from them. Masturbating cultivates yearnings for sensations that differ from those generated by intercourse. Ju st how destructive to heterosexual relations this becomes will vary from person to person. Even in the mildest case, however, it would seem inevitable that masturbating when single will detract from one’s future enjoyment of, and appreciation of, the uniqueness of heterosexual relations. It is not uncommon for people to find themselves so addicted to solitary sex that they actually prefer it to heterosexual relations and it is even more common for people feel they at least occasionally need the unique sensations that solitary sex offers, despite having an eager sex partner readily available. Nevertheless, suppose your marriage partner somehow manages to fluke giving you sensations so like what masturbation has trained you to crave and expect that you do not actually find yourself preferring solo sex. Even then, your mind has been trained to connect those feelings not with intimacy with your marriage partner but with having sex with yourself. Want it or not, masturbation programs your mind to think of sexual feelings not as a precious gift from your partner, but as something you have generated yourself. So what will come flooding into your mind when your partner lovingly gives you those feelings will tend to be not thoughts of how wonderful your partner is, but of how much pleasure you used to give yourself. Despite what is actually happening, your mind will tend to register the sensations not as coming from your life partner but as if they were produced by yourself. Feelings that should be binding you to your marriage partner have already been locked in your mind as being associated with having sex with yourself. When making love, your mind will consciously and unconsciously flit from what is currently happening between you and your partner to what used to happen when you had solitary sex. For example, if your past history of masturbation had trained your mind to associate sexual feelings with fantasizing about an imaginary partner, that is what your mind will drift to, even though you now have a real partner who does not correspond exactly to your imaginary partner. Even if your partner somehow manages to exceed the heights of what you used to experience in solitary sex, masturbation will have cheapened the most precious sensual gift your partner could ever give you, to being something only ten or so percent more pleasurable than what you used to give yourself. Past masturbation will have robbed you of so much of the â€Å"magic† and bonding power of marital relations, thus weakening your marriage. Church View Roman Catholic The Catholic Church teaches that Masturbation constitutes a grave moral disorder and that both the Magisterium of the Church—in the course of a constant tradition—and the moral sense of the faithful have declared without hesitation that masturbation is an intrinsically and seriously disordered act. Although it is said that psychology and sociology show that masturbation is a normal phenomenon of sexual development, especially among the young, this does not change the fact that it is an intrinsically and seriously disordered act and that, whatever the motive for acting this way, the deliberate use of the sexual faculty outside normal conjugal relations essentially contradicts the finality of the faculty. For it lacks the sexual relationship called for by the moral order, namely the relationship which realizes the full sense of mutual self-giving and human procreation in the context of true love.' This is because the deliberate use of the sexual faculty outside of marriag e is, according to the teaching of the Church, contrary to its primary purpose of procreation and unification of the husband and wife within the sacrament of marriage. In addition, the Church teaches that all other sexual activity—including masturbation, homosexual acts, acts of sodomy, all sex outside of or before marriage, and the use of any form of contraception or birth control—is gravely disordered, as it frustrates the natural order, purpose, and ends of sexuality. To form an equitable judgment about the subjects moral responsibility and to guide pastoral action, one must take into account the affective immaturity, force of acquired habit, conditions of anxiety or other psychological or social factors that lessen, if not even reduce to a minimum, moral culpability. The traditional view of masturbation has been consistent for almost all of the Catholic Churchs 2,000-year history. Early Catholic theologians universally condemned both masturbation and contraception as sinful. One such example is Clement of Alexandria, considered a saint and a Church Father, who said of masturbation, Because of its divine institution for the propagation of man, the seed is not to be vainly ejaculated, nor is it to be damaged, nor is it to be wasted.. St. Thomas Aquinas, one of the most prominent Doctors of the Roman Catholic Church, wrote in the 13th century that masturbation was an unnatural vice which is a species of lust as bad as bestiality, sodomy, and pederasty, and that it by procuring pollution , without any copulation, for the sake of venereal pleasure pertains to the sin of uncleanness which some call effeminacy However, after a study commissioned by the Catholic Theological Society of America in 1972, a number of dissident Catholic theologians have come to hold that an act of masturbation should not be judged as an objective moral evil, but assessed within the life context of the person involved. Protestant Theologians toward the middle of the 20th century began revising previous teachings, and some today even take pro-masturbation viewpoints. Some view it as an act of self-indulgence and even a sin of the flesh, and believe that the practice is principally considered a sin because of its invitation to lust. Those who view it within the range of allowable sexual behavior encourage it as guard against adultery, pre-marital sex, or other forms of non-allowable sexual behavior, and as a method of balancing differing libidos between spouses. Arguments Masturbation decreases rather than increases vice. Objection 1: Masturbation is a squandering of human time and physical energy that could otherwise be used for Godly worship, self-improvement, or good works. Objection 2: Masturbation inflames carnal lusts, leading to worse sexual vices. Objection 3: As an indulgence of physical appetite, masturbation encourages indulgence of other appetites, such as gluttony. Reply to Objection 1: It is said that idle hands are the devils workshop. Insofar as masturbation occupies the onanist, it prevents him from engaging in vicious or destructive acts. Reply to Objection 2: Rather than inflaming carnal lust, masturbation dissipates it by a harmless release of sexual tensions. In doing so, it removes, rather than proliferates, the driving force that motivates acts of sexual vice. Reply to Objection 3: Pent up libido will seek relief through other channels, and without the relief of masturbation, might well find its expression through the satiation of other appetites such as gluttony, gambling, and other material vices. Masturbation is a salutary use of the reproductive organs and does not conflict with reproductive sex. Objection 1: Masturbation enervates the sexual organs. Objection 2: In the male, masturbation wastes sperm that would otherwise be used for conception. Objection 3: By providing an alternative release of sexual energies, masturbation cheapens and may even diminish the physical gratification to be found in reproductive intercourse. Reply to Objection 1: Masturbation exercises the sexual organs and assures that they are in good working order. It prevents stagnation of fluids and atrophy of tissues, and in the male, increases the quality of sperm by stimulating the production of fresh gametes. Reply to Objection 2: Science has shown that regular and frequent ejaculations increase the quality of a males sperm by stimulating the production of fresh and healthy gametes. Therefore men who masturbate regularly are more likely to father a child. Thusly, the spilt semen is but a sacrifice toward a more favorable chance of achieving conception. Reply to Objection 3: Especially in the case of women, by demonstrating the range of possible sexual pleasure that one is capable of experiencing, masturbation encourages one to enter into a sexual relationship with confidence in ones own sexuality, and with the expectation of a positive experience. Masturbation makes a positive contribution to human society. Objection 1: Masturbation is most often a solitary, private and antisocial act, and is therefore contrary to human interaction and community. Objection 2: As a act of self-gratification and self-indulgence, masturbation encourages selfishness and promotes the tendency to put ones own needs first above others. Objection 3: As a form of self-love, masturbation engenders narcissism, pride, and self-regard, which are detrimental to forming human relationships. Reply to Objection 1: Masturbation is an activity in which all sexually mature humans may engage, therefore it can serve as a commonality upon which to build understanding amongst those of differing nationalities, viewpoints, etc. Reply to Objection 2: After engaging in masturbation, an individual will be in a relaxed, fulfilled, and pleasant mood, and therefore more apt to extend charity and good will toward others. Reply to Objection 3: The act of masturbation can give a sense of mastery, self-confidence, and ownership of ones body. Healthy self-esteem and a clear sense of self are necessary for healthy emotional bonds. Bibliography * http://www.afraidtoask.com/masturbate/Introduction.htm * http://www.afraidtoask.com/masturbate/History.htm * http://teenadvice.about.com/library/bl10thingsmasturbation.htm * http://www.net-burst.net/christian-help/christian-masturbation.htm * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_views_on_masturbation *

Interracial Dating Essay -- essays research papers

Many interracial couples are faced with negative reactions from society, making it hard for them to have a regular relationship. They have to deal with disapproval from their own race, pessimistic reactions from family and friends, and not to mention the ignorance of society as a whole. Why is interracial dating so controversial? Is not racism a thing of the past, or is that what we would like to believe? People who date and socialize with people of different racial groups frequently experience negative reactions. Many of the disapproving messages come from people of their own racial group. They scoff and make fun of the idea that they are dating someone with a different tone of skin or ethnic background. According to a poll taken in 1992, many people believe that people should date within their race to keep the unity within the ethnic community. It is like they believe in sequestering each racial group. They believe that every race is uniquely special and should not be integrated. Mixing races would only cause problems. Probably one of the most hurtful things in life is having to deal with family and friends who are not supportive of the people you truly like and love. One might wonder what may cause family and friends to rebel against interracial dating. As explained in Verna Stolkes’ book entitled Marriage, Class and Color in the 19th Century Cuba, many families may oppose the bonding of their loved one with someone of another race because of political reasons, religio...

Pubs in the Uk

This report intends to determine why pubs in the UK are increasingly transforming into gastro pubs. The first part of this study will review recent statistics to give an overview of the pub sector’s position in the hospitality industry, to describe the size, scope and decline of this individual sector. The second part will evaluate how macro factors have affected this industry, both in the last 10 years and currently, using PESTEL analysis. This analysis will then be used to forecast directions for the pub sector.The Palmerston, a pub turned gastro pub, will be referred to, to illustrate these findings and profitable recommendations will be made for the sector and The Palmerston Although the report focuses on pubs, statistics used represent bars and nightclubs as these are commonly perceived to be the same sector. PESTEL factors have, where possible, been analysed in separate sections even though some can be related to one another. Sector Overview Traditionally, pubs existed s olely for selling alcoholic drinks as they represented a retail dimension for breweries (Market & Business Development (MBD), 2000).This has changed to pubs focusing on other features to attract customers, such as providing more entertainment and becoming a food-led outlet. According to statistics from people 1st (2008), the pubs, bars and nightclubs sector is one of the biggest within the hospitality industry in terms of labour force size, number of enterprises and establishments and turnover (see appendix 1, 2 and 3 ). The majority of the workforce is part time and female (see appendix 4 and 5). Although a large sector, pubs are in decline.Pub closures in the UK have increased to five every day partly due to dropping beer consumption (British Beer & Pub Association (BBPA), 2008). This market has seen a constant drop over the last 30 years with only one small rise in 1988 (see appendix 6). Independent pubs are constantly adapting to keep negative impact to a minimum. As Blyth (2002 ) notes, many pubs are finding success when moving away from the traditional concept. Past PESTEL Factors Political: After the successful smoking ban in Ireland, the UK Government announced plans for a smoking ban in 2004 (http://www. forestonline. rg/output/Public-Smoking-Bans. aspx). Baker (2008) suggests a significantly higher proportion of adults were more likely to visit a smoke-free pub. However, some pubs did not agree with this so looked to change their image and concept. Economical and Sociological: A prosperous economy increased disposable income and improved standards of living. Huxley (2003: 8) highlights that â€Å"increasing number of women working and/or opting not to have children† had increased wealth. A report (Peach Factory, 2007) showed women dined out more than men and preferred casual dining formats hence a boom in such outlets.Pubs lost customers as lifestyle changes saw people spending more time in outlets serving good value food. Consequently, pubs lo oked to invest in becoming more food-led. Technological: The introduction and improvement of satellite television allowed pubs to supply entertainment at their premises, attracting more customers (MBD 2000). Some pubs were unable to adopt this as licences proved too costly resulting in loss of customers. Environmental: Climate Change Levy, energy tax introduced in 2001, encouraged pubs to introduce energy-efficient measures to reduce energy consumption.Companies that cooperated were rewarded (caterer search, 2002). Legal: Drug dealing was common in pubs as ample distractions allowed dealers to work (caterer search, 2001). Legislations, such as the Public Entertainment Licence (Drug Misuse) Act 1997, allowed licensees to prohibit drug dealing and thus improved the number of desired customers. Pubs sought to create more inviting premises. The Palmerston The Palmerston recognised changes were important so closed for refurbishment in 2003. Upon opening in 2004, the improved menu and aes thetics (including a segregated section for smokers) was an instant success. Current PESTEL FactorsPolitical: The government is trying to reduce binge drinking and alcohol-linked violence by imposing policies on pubs to display alcohol-unit levels, health warnings on drink labels and banning ‘happy hour’ promotions (Ford, 2008). Failure of cooperation will lead to legislation. Pubs may suffer with this costly process. Economical: The UK economy is currently attempting to stabilise as it faces recession. The Chancellor announced in the latest pre-budget report that duty on alcohol would be raised (Thomas 2008), creating more problems for pubs already experiencing major losses with the â€Å"above-inflationary duty increases† (BBPA 2008).Sociological: Duce (2006) suggests that pubs cannot compete with supermarkets (which are cutting prices) as more customers are buying alcohol to drink at home. Pubs have looked to increase revenue elsewhere and have led to more foc using on being food-led. Technological: As wireless technology continues to expand globally, pubs are installing wireless internet connections within the premises to compete with other outlets supplying this popular format (Walton, 2007). Environmental:A report (The Peach Factory, 2007) shows increased awareness of global issues, such as the impact of food miles on the environment, has made pubs focus on locally and organically produced food. Those providing for this trend are popular due to being perceived as supporting the local community and environment. Legal: The Smoking Ban was legalised on 1st July 2007 and, as Baker (2008) states, â€Å"has had a devastating effect on pub trade†. Many independent pubs have not been able to compete with the large pub chains that have invested in outdoor smoking areas. This is a major reason why many pubs are closing.The Palmerston: The Palmerston adjusted to the smoking ban and integrated a wireless network in 2004 so negative impact w as minimal. It focuses its services to families and promotions are food related. Although alcohol sales may be down, food sales are high. Future PESTEL Factors Political and Legal: The All-Party Parliamentary Beer Group (caterer search, 2008) advises the government to make changes to improve pubs’ viability. Suggestions have ranged from reducing the rate of beer duty to banning supermarkets from selling alcohol at minimal prices (Thomas, 2008).If the government recognises and acts on these concerns, pubs may find business improves. Economical: The hospitality industry is predicted to take 50-70% of the possible ? 1. 4b-? 2b profit from the London Olympic Games 2012, reports Thomas (2006). This may inject the economy with prosperity, if it has not by then, and provide pubs a chance to increase sales and attract visitors who want to experience UK’s national drink – beer. Sociological: The hospitality industry employed over 152,000 migrant workers at the beginning of 2008 according to Home Office figures (2008).However, Walton (2008: 7) learned â€Å"migrant workers are increasingly turning their backs on the UK hospitality industry because of the falling of the pound†. Pubs that currently employ migrant workers may implement long-term recruitment processes to attract more UK workers. Technological: Bentley (2008: 34) acknowledges there is â€Å"evidence that greener approaches to computing are moving into the mainstream†. Pubs may demand this, if made mainstream, to reduce power consumption, which would be valuable if energy costs continue to rise. Environmental:Climate change is increasing flooding in the UK and northern Europe, causing heat waves and droughts in southern Europe and Australia. As this causes major problems with harvests, food prices are more likely to rise, suggests Vaughan (2008). Pubs must find ways to absorb the rising costs. The Palmerston: The Palmerston sources its food produce locally, helping both the environment and their costs. The low staff turnover indicates it has a successful training process. Conclusion With falling beer consumption and increased tax on alcohol, pubs are closing at rapid rates.Negative media, such as binge drinking and alcohol-related violence, poses to be a real threat to pubs as policies are introduced. After a decade of prosperity, the economy is now in decline which is presenting more problems for pubs. Those that have survived have become food-led pubs as more people have been dining out due to higher disposable income from an increasingly affluent economy. Due to immense competition in the food industry, pubs have concentrated on creating traditional menus prepared to the highest-quality.To reflect this and cope with changing clientele from the smoking ban, premises have been updated to create more inviting and family-friendly surroundings. The combination of all these features, and considerable transformation, creates the present gastro pub. The Pal merston underwent all these changes and declared a successful gastro pub when it re-opened in 2004. Recommendations The pub sector is in decline and may continue because of the current economic situation. Pubs must find different ways of increasing revenue as alcohol sales plummet.This may include introducing attractive menus and hiring professional chefs to maximise its potential. Available technology for customers is essential and pubs should install their own wireless network. The Palmerston has already adapted to many macro factors that have negatively affected other pubs. However, in order for it to continue succeeding it must keep adjusting as the economy declines. Since food is one of its most popular products it must ensure this remains attractive and consistently prepared to a high standard.As food costs rise the menu should be analysed and any item that is being incorrectly sourced should be replaced by an adequate substitute, but still maintaining the quality. Families ar e one of the main targets for The Palmerston, so every care should be made on satisfying both parents and children. Re-introducing traditional board games is suggested as they typically inspire family unity. Pubs in neighbouring areas supply these games and have proved to be popular. The Palmerston could introduce affordable ‘themed evenings’ to attract the local community to congregate and socialise in a relaxing atmosphere.