Strategic Planning Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1305 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Strategic planning, a necessary tool to aid in the strategic decision making process of a firm covering long range of time. The process involves managing resources efficiently and analyzing the environmental threats and opportunities as well as the strength and weaknesses of the firm (Lorange, 1978). This essay will explain and disagree with the statement that the only difference of strategic planning in domestic and international markets are the currency and language difference. For an MNC to be headquartered globally, its strategy has to take into account many other factors but the essay will discuss only about how the firm’s resources are allocated and the economical-cultural-political forces in the macro environment that affect them. A firm has to deal with the allocation of resources internationally in order to exploit the opportunities and threats into its advantage. If the targeted market is saturated with potential new entrants, existing internat ional competitors, and substitute players, fierce competition and low profits are to be expected. Resources are scarce and they are required to support and sustain attacks from competitors. Furthermore, they have to monitor the country’s economic state such the consumption power including its interest rate which is critical to borrowing funds locally for investment. These factors are important when deciding whether to expand into foreign markets or not. For firms introducing their domestic matured product internationally, the product life cycle will be different from one country to another. Accordingly, investment can be modified and market share can be dominated more efficiently. Therefore, economically, strategies need to be low-risk, high value and sustainable. Hamel and Prahalad, in their work, described the strategies used by foreign MNCs when competing against each other. When a global firm uses financial resources of one subsidy to fight a competitor in another s ubsidy, it is pursuing a cross-subsidization strategy. When a firm competes with a larger competitor, it is not enough that it is financially equipped. It needs to funnel resources globally back to the defending market or raise them locally if cross-border movements are hindered by exchange risk or regulations. However, caution is needed to ensure that the firm’s borrowing needs are not revealed as it can lose strategic competitive surprise. One scenario was â€Å"thrust and parry† which uses cross-subsidization when an aggressive MNC attack another MNC in its domestic market, the defensive MNC retaliate by targeting a market where its aggressor is most vulnerable with least cash flow. For example, in international tire market Michelin used its strong European profit base to attack Goodyear’s American home market. Goodyear, retaliated back in European instead of in US market because Michelin would expose only a small amount of its worldwide business in US wit h very little to lose. Goodyear, on the other hand, would sacrifice margins in its largest market. Firms have to choose between the cost effectiveness of off-shore sourcing their production and the competitive effectiveness based on the ability to retaliate in competitor’s key markets. The main concept here is not to sell at price lower than the market’s but rather to squeeze the competitor’s margins just enough to dry up its attacking strategy to force its expansion down. Price level difference may provide not only the means but also the motivation for cross-subsidization. Competitiveness due to labor cost and scale advantage itself is vulnerable since labor costs change due to development of economies or exchange rate fluctuate. Low cost manufacturing locations change, from Japan to Korea, Thailand to China as well as scale-based cost advantages change, particularly due to manufacturing technology. Here, resources not only refer to monetary aspects but a lso human capital of the firm and its knowledge. Firms with enough skilled workforce and management skills can create transfer their learning effects from domestic to their international subsidiaries and if these skills are unique, they can become the firm’s competitive advantage. For example, America’s Silicon Valley host the top consumer electronics and technology research centers such as Apple and Intel, meaning the attractiveness of that location is its workforce’s innovative culture. While thinking of different strategies, there are external threats such as the culture shock where foreign entry are resisted due to the attitude of local employees and therefore, firms should consider quality of the workforce when strategizing new entries. In domestic market, there is no difference in culture or no ambiguity of the workforces’ average skill level. On a legal perspective, tough labor laws and union pressures may hinder the firm’s efficiency and di fferent strategic human resource management will be needed to overcome this. However, that’s not the complete picture. For example, some countries have restrictions concerning remittance of funds and some necessitates the production to be carried out domestically. So, country analysis need to be carried out to take into account factors such as corruption, political stability and the extent of tax grants before developing international strategy. Compared to domestic market, all these factors are known. Host and home country’s foreign policy may affect the strategy such as government support for threatened business if it has important interdependencies for example Mittal’s acquisition of world steel market share forced European countries’ steel manufacturers to team up and create a single brand called Arcelor. This concept of (protectionism) protecting infant industries who are not strong enough for global competition is used frequently. For example, Sony and Mitsubishi’s entry into European market alerted respective governments of a possible industry takeover. So, these governments frustrated the Japanese firms by restricting offshore sourcing or worker layoffs or closing down manufacturing plants hindering their rational production and cost advantage. This helped European firms to close down the competition and cost advantage gap. However, the Japanese had a long-term strategy and they simply partnered with willing UK firms, thus entering and capturing the European market share. Their technique was low-risk, low-profile supplier strategy which assisted in their global brand dominance. Other strategies to influence governments include information and financial incentives. Information strategy refers to lobbying the key officials to obtain special treatment or lifting entry barriers. By international trade organizations such as WTO to negotiate with foreign governments, firms can achieve their strategy more effectively . Another method is to induce policy makers through direct pressure by giving incentives. This can be regarded as unethical but in some government, this is viewed as gift giving or necessary to accelerate procedure. For example, in China, guangxi is practiced openly which means fulfilling someone’s (politicians’) needs and working alongside them in order to achieve something in return. Guangxi is not considered bribery in China as it is common and understood in the business culture. As the statement has mentioned, currency exchange problems are present when transferring funds from domestic to international markets, especially when amount is large. It is plausible for only the two mentioned difference but under certain conditions. For example, a firm exporting steel products under license from home country without any localization of products to foreign market. Then, there can be only exchange rate uncertainty for revenue transfer and communication issues with the li censee. In this way, there is no control over assets such as human resource or capital but the exported product. But these simple assumptions will not apply if domestic scoped firms are challenged by foreign competitors. They will have to play by the rules of global competition to survive and that takes into account many factors as mentioned above. In my opinion, today’s global environment is very diverse and uncertain. Strategies need to be long-sighted and the firm’s own vulnerability should be realized and taken into consideration during decision making process. Firms should expand globally and realize more market share, profits and economies of scale. Therefore, currency and language difference alone cannot prepare firms if they want to expand to international markets from domestic market. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Strategic Planning Essay" essay for you Create order

Texas Government Essay - 983 Words

The government of the state of Texas is a difficult and complicated institution that is composed of many different levels. The question comes in to everyones mind at one time or another whether or not to trust the government. It could be that people believe that the officials will take advantage of their power, or simply people dont like the idea of being controlled by someone who is not a family member or friend. To avoid this centralized power, the government is divided into stages and this is a reasonable ground for trusting the government. Government runs this state and it does deserve to be trusted. Our government here in Texas has three major parts that play a significant part in our decision making process. These levels†¦show more content†¦If issues are brought about, or arguments are carried out, then the Conference Committees are there to resolve these differences. The most common Governmental figure in Texas is the Governor. This power is nothing more than that of a celebrity status. Although the Governor has the power to appoint independent boards and commissions, the senate has to confirm these appointments. This is called senatorial courtesy What is meant when this job is more like a celebrity is because of the Governor‘s ceremonial roles as acting as Chief of State. This increases the Governor‘s popularity and prestige, and broadens the image of the office. One important power or role that the Governor is responsible for is coordinating relations between Texas and other states. This can definitely be an important factor. For example, the need of federal aid during the time of an emergency can require the help of other states. The Governor also acts as the Chief Budget officer of the state. Even though the presiding officer presides over this office, the Governor does have some control. This is a very effective example of a good trustworthy system. 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Mary was Sam’s favoriteRead MoreFunding, Interest Groups, Elections, and the Role Between State and Local Governments in Texas1391 Words   |  6 PagesRunning Head: TEXAS GOVERNMENT Funding, Interest Groups, Elections, and the Role Between State and Local Governments in Texas Maurice Adams Mr. George Lyon POL215 University of Phoenix Funding, Interest Groups, Elections, and the Role Between State and Local Governments in Texas The state of Texas receives the majority of funding from two sources; taxes and federal receipts. â€Å"Currently, Texas is one of nine states that does not levy a personal income tax on its residents and, in additionRead MoreTexas : A Long History Of Conflict With The Federal Government1524 Words   |  7 PagesTexas has a long history of conflict with the federal government over laws and policies, particularly when dealing with environmental, social, and educational issues. Texas has conservative right-wing views and has been in conflict more often with the federal government since President Obama has been in office. The dilemma generally arises from a clash in opposing political and social views. One major issue that has arisen in over the course of the last two years has been a battle over funding forRead MoreTexas’ Individualistic and Traditionalistic Culture: The Impact these Ideologies have had on Texas State Government and the Reasons People Support t1019 Words à ‚  |  5 PagesTexas is a unique place with a colorful history of legendary cowboys and tall tales. The state stretches over the middle section of the southern United States. Texas has experienced shifts in governmental control within the United States. French, Spanish, Mexican, and Confederacy, and all having once been in charge, not to mention the time Texas spent as an independent republic. Texas has had many battles and wars within its borders, resulting in seven different constitutions within a span

Endangered Species of South Am Essay Example For Students

Endangered Species of South Am Essay Endangered Species of South Am Essayerica Endangered species are plant and animal species that are in danger of extinction, the dying off of all individuals of a species. Over 19,000 plant species and 5000 animal species around the globe are classified as endangered, and many thousands more become extinct each year before biologists can identify them (Microsoft 1). The primary cause of species extinction or endangerment are habitat destruction, commercial exploitation, damage caused by non-native plants and animals introduced into an area, and pollution (1). Of these causes, direct habitat destruction threatens the most species. A steady rate of extinction is a normal process in the course of evolution, and is called the background rate of extinction (Lampton 14). Species have slowly evolved and disappeared throughout geological time because of climate changes and the inability to adapt to survive competition and predation. Since the 1600s, however, the rate of extinction has accelerated rapidly because of human population growth and resource consumption (17). Today, most of the worlds habitats are changing faster than most species can adapt to such changes through evolution, or natural selection. The current global extinction rate is estimated at about 20,000 species per year, exponentially greater than the background extinction rate (17). Many biologists believe that we are in the middle of the greatest mass extinction episode since the disappearance of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago (18). The survival of ecosystems (plant and animal communities and their physical surroundings) such as forests, coral reefs, or wetlands depend on their biodiversity or variety of plants, animals, and habitats, as well as the many interactions among these species. The removal or disappearance of one or several species may irreversibly damage the ecosystems and lead to its decline. For example, the undersea kelp forest ecosystems of the northern Pacific Rim are some of the richest marine habitats known they are the home or breeding ground of many species and other wildlife, such as sea otters. When the sea otter population off the western coast of Canada and the U.S. was hunted almost to extinction in the 19th and early 20th centuries, invertebrates such as the sea urchins were left without a major predator. The population of sea urchins increased dramatically and rapidly consumed the kelp and other seaweed, turning the rich ecosystem into a barren undersea terrain (Grolier 41). Conservation efforts throughout the latter half of the 20th century, such as the U.S. Marine Mammal Protection Act (1972), allowed for the protection and reintroduction of the sea otter to these ecosystems and kelp forests once thrived again (41). The irreversible loss of biodiversity has a serious impact on the ability of remaining species, including humans, to survive. Humans depend on species diversity and healthy ecosystems to provide food, clean air and water, and fertile soil for agriculture. In addition, we benefit greatly from the many medicines and other products that biodiversity provides. As many as 40 percent of our modern pharmaceutical medicines are derived from plants and animals (Fast Facts about Endangered Species 1). A small plant from Madagascar, the rosy periwinkle, produces substances that are effective in fighting two deadly cancers, Hodgkins disease and Leukemia (Newman 135). Yet the forest habitat of the rosy periwinkle is rapidly disappearing to supply firewood and farmland for the impoverished people of Madagascar, and most of the endemic species there that is, species that live nowhere else are endangered. Species become endangered or extinct for a number of reasons, but the primary cause is the destruction of habitat by human activities. As species evolve, most adapt to a specific habitat or environment that best meets their survival needs. Without this habitat the species may not survive. .u5a9b0b0eab459fc9fb1558cddb59e77f , .u5a9b0b0eab459fc9fb1558cddb59e77f .postImageUrl , .u5a9b0b0eab459fc9fb1558cddb59e77f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5a9b0b0eab459fc9fb1558cddb59e77f , .u5a9b0b0eab459fc9fb1558cddb59e77f:hover , .u5a9b0b0eab459fc9fb1558cddb59e77f:visited , .u5a9b0b0eab459fc9fb1558cddb59e77f:active { border:0!important; } .u5a9b0b0eab459fc9fb1558cddb59e77f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5a9b0b0eab459fc9fb1558cddb59e77f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5a9b0b0eab459fc9fb1558cddb59e77f:active , .u5a9b0b0eab459fc9fb1558cddb59e77f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5a9b0b0eab459fc9fb1558cddb59e77f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5a9b0b0eab459fc9fb1558cddb59e77f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5a9b0b0eab459fc9fb1558cddb59e77f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5a9b0b0eab459fc9fb1558cddb59e77f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5a9b0b0eab459fc9fb1558cddb59e77f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5a9b0b0eab459fc9fb1558cddb59e77f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5a9b0b0eab459fc9fb1558cddb59e77f .u5a9b0b0eab459fc9fb1558cddb59e77f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5a9b0b0eab459fc9fb1558cddb59e77f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Fall Of Communism In Russia Essay Pollution, drainage of wetlands, conversion of shrub lands to grazing lands, cutting and clearing of forests, urbanization, coral reef destruction, and road and dam construction have destroyed or seriously damaged available habitats (Microsoft 2). Habitat fragmentation has caused plant and animal species in the remaining islands of habitat to lose contact with other population of their own kind. This reduces their genetic diversity and makes them less adaptable to environmental or climate change (Lampton 21). Since the 1600s, worldwide commercial .

Mobile Applications Essays - Technology, Computing,

Mobile Applications CIS 207 Mobile Applications Mobile applications have changed the way the world functions. First it started with the IPhone, opening the market for mobile applications. Then Android broke though into the world, offering the developing options and root users. These options allow us to change the look and feel of our smart phones. In this paper we are going to talk about a few different mobile applications and how they changes how we communicate, how we balance our budget, and how we get though the world today. Communication though the years has changed. First there was the written letter. Then there was the telephone, no longer bound by time to talk to our closest friends. After years of talking though the wire we cut it. That became the first cell phone, big and clunky we became mobile. As the year passed mobile web and text messaging came to reality. This was the break though the world needed to move into mobile business. This allowed us to constantly stay in touch with family and coworkers. Yet again as time ticked away social media came into play not only were we able to stay connected with friends and family, we began creating new circles of friends. Sharing pictures with the world. This has changed the face of how we communicate in the new world. A budget is an important aspect of life now days and thanks of mobile web applications, we are able to track our spending better than ever. Starting with mobile banking we can see our transactions, pay our bills and even deposit checks. The there came mint.com. This extremely sophisticated app allows us to create budget, track our spending, and even give us suggestions on how to spend and invest. With these new applications we are becoming better spenders, and moving into a better brighter future. With the new technology today, we are moving around this world in a new way. We went from maps to car GPS, and now we have mobile navigation. We are no longer bound to finding places and people by car. The navigation on our smart phone now allows us to walk, bike, bus, and drive to the places we want to go. As well and now we can track friends and family movements. With a press of a button we can know where people are in an instant. Moving into a new age this allows us if we choose, to live a healthy life style. In the golden age of technology we are communicating without boundary's, with text messaging, and social media. We are saving and spending better with mobile banking, and budget planning with mint.com. As well moving better and staying fit with mobile navigation. With this age of technology, there are always new innovative technology coming out. Lets hope they are just as great as what has come out in the past 15 years.

Adventures Of Huck Finn By Twain Essays (921 words) -

Adventures Of Huck Finn By Twain The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the main character finds himself living in a society that does not suit him. Everywhere he looks there are people who value things that he sees as meaningless. Huck Finn feels trapped and begins his journey down the river in an effort to find someone or some place that will bring him happiness. Almost immediatly he finds this person in the form a run away slave. In this story, Huck and Jim are against the entire world, and every person they come in contact with has the potential to destroy their plans of happiness and freedom. Under these circumstances Huck is forced to tell many lies, but the only one he regrets is the one that he tells Jim. The biggest and most harmful lie Huck tells is when he fakes his own murder in his fathers shack. He goes through a great deal of trouble to make sure that people believe that he is dead, and it is not until the end of the novel that it becomes known to the people of his home town that he is actually alive. He had been a likable young boy, and people in the town had thought highly of him. This is evident from his relationship with adults like the widow and the judge. Jim even tells him Iuz powerful sorry yous killed, Huck, but I aint no mo, now. (1292) Based on Hucks consistent concern for others, it is likely that he would have written home to inform them that he was still alive if it had not been for his situation with Jim. However, he does not want to risk doing anything that might get Jim captured, so he writes no letter. Huck finds himself working against the world. He is not an immature boy that tells lies just for the sake of doing so, but rather he tells them in order to protect himself and also Jim. In the instance where he dresses up like a girl and speaks with the farmers wife in an effort to find out what is being said about their situation, the information that he gets ultimately saves them from the capture of a building search party. Even though he is caught in the first lie and it is discovered that he is actually a young boy rather than a girl, Huck manages to convince the woman that he simply a run away. He quickly creates a new lie and better lie, and she has no idea about his true identity. In this instance of lies that Huck tells there is no victim. Huck learns crucial information that he would have never gotten through honesty, and with this information he is able to continue on his journey with Jim. Another one of Huck's lies is one that he tells to the watchman on the on the steam ship. He knows that this man is the only person who can help the group of murders that were soon going to drown in the river. Under the circumstances, Huck could not tell the man the truth because he had stolen their boat to save Jims and his own life, Jim would have been danger of being captured, and most lily the watchman would have not bothered to go save a band of murders. Since the truth was not an option, Huck creates an elaborate story of women in distress, and reward money. After all is done, in reflection on his actions Huck says I was feeling ruther comfortable on accounts of taking all of the trouble for that gang, for not many would a done it.(1311) He clearly believes here that he has done a good thing in telling that lie. He knows that he saved these mens lives, and he would not have been able to do so with the truth. The one lie that Huck clearly regrets telling is the one that he tells to Jim. After their accidental separation, Huck returns to the raft and acts as though he hasnt been gone. Huck goes on to claim that Jim imaged the entire thing. In response to Jims delight in seeing Huck alive and well Huck says, What is the matter with you Jim? You been a drinking?(1316) Jim asks Huck to look him in the eye and say that he had not been gone anywhere, and Huck does as he asks. Jim soon realizes that Huck is not telling him the truth. Jim

King Egbert of Wessex

King Egbert of Wessex Egbert of Wessex was also known as: Egbert the Saxon; sometimes spelled Ecgberht or Ecgbryh. Has been called the first king of all England and the first king of all the English. Egbert of Wessex was noted for: Helping to make Wessex such a powerful kingdom that England was eventually unified around it. Because he was accepted as king in Essex, Kent, Surrey and Sussex and for a time also managed to conquer Mercia, he has been called the first king of all England. Occupations: KingMilitary Leader Places of Residence and Influence: EnglandEurope Important Dates: Born: c. 770Died: 839 About Egbert of Wessex: Probably born as early as 770 but possibly as late as 780, Egbert was the son of  Ealhmund (or Elmund), who, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, had been a king in Kent  in 784. Virtually nothing is known of his life up to 789, when he was driven into exile  by  the West Saxon king Beorhtric with the help of his formidable ally,  the Mercian king Offa. It is possible he may have spent  some time at the court of Charlemagne. A few years later, Egbert returned to Britain, where his subsequent activities for the next decade remain a mystery. In 802, he succeeded Beorhtric as king of Wessex and removed the kingdom from the Mercian confederation, establishing himself as an independent ruler. Once again, information is scant,  and scholars have no idea what actually took place over the next decade. In or about 813, Egbert spread devastation in Cornwall from east to west (according to the  Chronicle). Ten years later he embarked on a campaign against Mercia, and scored a victory but at a bloody price. His hold on Mercia was tentative, but his military endeavors secured the conquest of Kent,  Surrey, Sussex and Essex. In 825, Egbert defeated the Mercian king Beornwulf at the Battle of Ellendune. This victory altered the balance of power in England, raising the power of Wessex at the expense of Mercia. Four years later he would conquer Mercia, but in 830 he lost it to Wiglaf. Still, Egberts power base was unrivaled in England during his lifetime, and in 829 he was proclaimed Bretwalda, ruler of all Britain. More Egbert Resources: Egbert of Wessex in the Anglo-Saxon ChronicleEgbert of Wessex in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, page twoEgbert of Wessex on the Web   Egbert of Wessex in Print: The link below will take you to an online bookstore, where you can find more information about the book to help you get it from your local library. This is provided as a convenience to you; neither Melissa Snell nor About is responsible for any purchases you make through this link. The Warrior Kings of Saxon Englandby Ralph Whitlock Medieval Renaissance Monarchs of EnglandDark-Age BritainEarly Europe   Chronological Index Geographical Index Index by Profession, Achievement, or Role in Society The text of this document is copyright  ©2007-2016 Melissa Snell. You may download or print this document for personal or school use, as long as the URL below is included. Permission is   not  granted to reproduce this document on another website. For publication permission,  please   contact  Melissa Snell. The URL for this document is:http://historymedren.about.com/od/ewho/p/who_kingegbert.htm

Music 100 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Music 100 - Essay Example The Seattle Symphony is an important part of the Pacific Northwest cultural scene and is acknowledged for its extraordinary performances, recordings, programming, and community engagement. With a dedicated subscriber base of more than 30,000 patrons, the band presents over 200 performances annually to an audience of more than 300,000 music lovers. The Seattle Symphony made its first performance on December 29, 1903 and still holds an important place in the world of symphonic music. The Orchestra is currently under the mentorship of Ludovic Marlot, one of the leading conductors of his generation. The band performs at Benarayo Hall, where people of all ages come to explore the world of symphonic music through classes, exhibits, and live music presentation. Symphony orchestra uses a number of instruments depending on how big the symphony is. Seattle Symphony used violin, viola, flute, harp, violin, trumpet, double bass, cello, marimba, Piccolo, Timpani, piano and trumpet. The instruments that Seattle Symphony uses to play melodies include xylophone and marimba. They soloist plays only the melody instruments in the first movement. Generally, all instruments in an orchestra can play harmony, excluding unturned percussions. The instruments that Seattle Symphony uses to play include violin, piano, and cello. Instruments used in rhythm section usually vary, but Seattle symphony used bass, piano, drums, xylophone, timpani, snare drum, chimes, and guitar. The aim of these instruments is to provide the backing for melodic instruments such as saxophone. The orchestra mainly played major keys but deviated on the Symphony in G minor, resulting in a dramatic, expressive piece. Symphony music is quite better than any other type of performance. The concert opened with the track â€Å"Concerto Fantasy,† which opens brashly. It has interplay between two timpanists against strings on the